We are presented with an Einstein logic puzzle and its solution, which claims the answer is RED HERRING. However, the solution is too vague to follow, e.g. in the first line of the solution, it seems to assume there is a unique cold-blooded animal when there are actually two. Ignoring the solution, we can solve the Einstein logic puzzle first.
Following the ten constraints given, we can solve the Einstein logic puzzle normally, obtaining the following solution if we have the correct set of biology facts (see Appendix 1).
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | O | O | O | ||||||||||||
Gecko | O | O | O | ||||||||||||
Portobello | O | O | O | ||||||||||||
Potato | O | O | O | ||||||||||||
Snail | O | O | O | ||||||||||||
Diatom | O | O | |||||||||||||
E. coli | O | O | |||||||||||||
Jellyfish | O | O | |||||||||||||
Kelp | O | O | |||||||||||||
Sponge | O | O | |||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | O | ||||||||||||||
Desert | O | ||||||||||||||
Rainforest | O | ||||||||||||||
Savanna | O | ||||||||||||||
Tundra | O |
Overlaying our solution with the given grid, and reading the first several cells as the solution tells us to, we find the clue phrase FISHY THING, which helps confirm our work and that the solution isn’t entirely off.
Now that we have a solution, we can “check” the solution to see which facts were misinterpreted or wrong (as hinted by the flavortext). The authors' notes also teaches us how to follow the solution step by step without making additional logical leaps. We find that each numbered step in the solution makes an incorrect assumption that erroneously leads to a unique deduction. In each of these deductions, there are two possible options. Since the actual solution grid is unique and the authors of the solution arrived at the correct grid and answer, we can assume the authors picked the correct option each time. However, we should mark down the alternative possibility in each case (see Appendix 2).
Marking which deductions were incorrectly made and overlaying this once more with the given grid, we obtain the phrase ANS NEUTRINO, giving the answer NEUTRINO.
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | P | R | O | F | I | B | R | I | N | O | L | Y | S | I | N |
Gecko | H | E | R | E | D | I | T | A | R | Y | A | T | O | L | L |
Portobello | S | T | J | O | H | N | S | L | I | F | E | S | P | A | N |
Potato | O | R | G | A | N | I | S | M | S | D | A | R | W | I | N |
Snail | E | V | O | L | V | E | S | U | B | P | H | Y | L | U | M |
Diatom | A | N | T | I | B | I | O | T | I | C | |||||
E. coli | M | O | R | P | H | O | L | O | G | Y | |||||
Jellyfish | D | E | N | D | R | O | G | R | A | M | |||||
Kelp | C | O | P | E | N | H | A | G | E | N | |||||
Sponge | M | I | C | R | O | S | C | O | P | E | |||||
Deciduous Forest | F | A | U | N | A | ||||||||||
Desert | C | L | I | M | E | ||||||||||
Rainforest | F | U | N | G | I | ||||||||||
Savanna | O | N | I | O | N | ||||||||||
Tundra | O | V | A | R | Y |
Dodo | Gecko | Portobello | Potato | Snail | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lays eggs | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Cold-blooded | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Mollusk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Fungus | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Has cell walls | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Franklin | Goodall | Linneaus | McClintock | Morgan | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studied genetic material | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Won a Nobel Prize | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Has cell walls | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Multicellular | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Prokaryotic | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Can make its own food | 1 | 1[1] | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Plankton[2] | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is a forest | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Is Boston’s biome | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tree density | High | Low | High | Medium | Low |
Precipitation level | High | Low | High | Medium | Low |
Here is each step of the “solution” annotated. Yellow is the correct answer, blue is the incorrectly eliminated one.
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | ||||||||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Portobello | X | ||||||||||||||
Potato | X | ||||||||||||||
Snail | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Diatom | |||||||||||||||
E. coli | |||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | |||||||||||||||
Kelp | |||||||||||||||
Sponge | |||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | |||||||||||||||
Desert | |||||||||||||||
Rainforest | |||||||||||||||
Savanna | |||||||||||||||
Tundra |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | ||||||||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Portobello | X | ||||||||||||||
Potato | X | ||||||||||||||
Snail | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Diatom | |||||||||||||||
E. coli | |||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | |||||||||||||||
Kelp | |||||||||||||||
Sponge | |||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | ||||||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | ||||||||||||||
Savanna | X | ||||||||||||||
Tundra | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | ||||||||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Portobello | X | ||||||||||||||
Potato | X | ||||||||||||||
Snail | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Diatom | |||||||||||||||
E. coli | |||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | |||||||||||||||
Kelp | |||||||||||||||
Sponge | |||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | 3 | |||||||||||||
Savanna | X | X | |||||||||||||
Tundra | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | ||||||||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Portobello | X | ||||||||||||||
Potato | X | ||||||||||||||
Snail | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Diatom | X | ||||||||||||||
E. coli | X | ||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | ||||||||||
Kelp | X | ||||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | 3 | |||||||||||||
Savanna | X | X | |||||||||||||
Tundra | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | |||||||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | |||||
Portobello | X | X | |||||||||||||
Potato | X | X | |||||||||||||
Snail | 1 | X | |||||||||||||
Diatom | X | ||||||||||||||
E. coli | X | ||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | ||||||||||
Kelp | X | ||||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | ||||||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | |||||
Portobello | X | 6 | X | ||||||||||||
Potato | X | O | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Snail | 1 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Diatom | X | ||||||||||||||
E. coli | X | ||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | ||||||||||
Kelp | X | ||||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||||||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | |||||
Portobello | X | 6 | X | X | |||||||||||
Potato | X | O | X | X | X | X | |||||||||
Snail | 1 | X | 7 | X | |||||||||||
Diatom | X | ||||||||||||||
E. coli | X | ||||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | ||||||||||
Kelp | X | ||||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | O | X | X | ||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | X | ||||
Portobello | X | 6 | X | X | X | ||||||||||
Potato | X | O | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Snail | 1 | X | 7 | X | X | ||||||||||
Diatom | X | 8 | |||||||||||||
E. coli | X | X | |||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||||
Kelp | X | X | |||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | X | |||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | O | X | X | ||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | X | ||||
Portobello | X | 6 | 9 | X | O | X | X | ||||||||
Potato | X | O | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Snail | 1 | X | 7 | X | X | X | |||||||||
Diatom | X | 8 | |||||||||||||
E. coli | X | X | |||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||||
Kelp | X | X | |||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | X | |||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | O | X | X | ||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||
Portobello | X | 6 | 9 | X | O | X | X | X | |||||||
Potato | X | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | 10 | ||||
Snail | 1 | X | 7 | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Diatom | X | 8 | |||||||||||||
E. coli | X | X | |||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||||
Kelp | X | X | |||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | X | |||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | O | X | X | ||||
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | 11 | O | X | X | |
Portobello | X | 6 | 9 | X | O | X | X | X | X | ||||||
Potato | X | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | 10 | ||||
Snail | 1 | X | 7 | X | X | X | X | X | |||||||
Diatom | X | 8 | |||||||||||||
E. coli | X | X | |||||||||||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||||
Kelp | X | X | |||||||||||||
Sponge | 4 | X | |||||||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | ||||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |
Contrary to the solution's claim, the final grid is not unique.
Franklin | Goodall | Linnaeus | McClintock | Morgan | Deciduous Forest | Desert | Rainforest | Savanna | Tundra | Diatom | E. coli | Jellyfish | Kelp | Sponge | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodo | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | O | X | X |
Gecko | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | 11 | O | X | X | X |
Portobello | X | X | X | X | O | 6 | 9 | X | O | X | X | X | X | ||
Potato | X | X | O | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | 10 |
Snail | 1 | O | X | X | X | X | O | 7 | X | X | X | X | X | ||
Diatom | X | X | X | X | 8 | X | |||||||||
E. coli | O | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | O | |||||
Jellyfish | X | X | X | O | X | X | X | O | X | X | |||||
Kelp | X | X | O | X | X | O | X | X | X | X | |||||
Sponge | X | X | 4 | X | X | X | |||||||||
Deciduous Forest | X | X | O | X | X | ||||||||||
Desert | X | O | 2 | X | X | ||||||||||
Rainforest | X | X | 3 | O | X | ||||||||||
Savanna | 5 | X | X | X | O | ||||||||||
Tundra | O | X | X | X | X |